The May Revolution in Argentina

In May of 1810, word reached Buenos Aires that the King of Spain, Ferdinand VII, had been deposed by Napoleon Bonaparte. Rather than serve the new King, Joseph Bonaparte (Napoleon’s brother), the city formed its own ruling council, essentially declaring itself independent until such time as Ferdinand could reclaim the throne. Although initially an act of loyalty to the Spanish crown, the â€Å"May Revolution,† as it came to be known, was eventually a precursor to independence. The famous Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires is named in honor of these actions. Viceroyalty of the River Platte The lands of the eastern southern cone of South America, including Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, and Paraguay, had been steadily growing in importance for the Spanish crown, mostly because of revenues from the lucrative ranching and leather industry in the Argentine pampas. In 1776, this importance was recognized by the establishment of a Viceregal seat in Buenos Aires, the Viceroyalty of the River Platte. This elevated Buenos Aires to the same status as Lima and Mexico City, although it was still much smaller. The wealth of the colony had made it a target for British expansion. Left to Its Own Devices The Spanish were correct: the British had their eye on Buenos Aires and the rich ranching land it served. In 1806-1807 the British made a determined effort to capture the city. Spain, its resources drained from the devastating loss at the Battle of Trafalgar, was unable to send any help and the citizens of Buenos Aires were forced to fight off the British on their own. This led many to question their loyalties to Spain: in their eyes, Spain took their taxes but did not hold up their end of the bargain when it came to defense. The Peninsular War In 1808, after helping France overrun Portugal, Spain was itself invaded by Napoleonic forces. Charles IV, King of Spain, was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Ferdinand VII. Ferdinand, in turn, was taken prisoner: he would spend seven years in luxurious confinement in the Chà ¢teau de Valenà §ay in central France. Napoleon, wanting someone he could trust, put his brother Joseph on the throne in Spain. The Spanish despised Joseph, nicknaming him â€Å"Pepe Botella† or â€Å"Bottle Joe† because of his alleged drunkenness. Word Gets Out Spain desperately tried to keep news of this disaster from reaching its colonies. Since the American Revolution, Spain had kept a close eye on its own New World holdings, fearing that the spirit of independence would spread to its lands. They believed that the colonies needed little excuse to cast off Spanish rule. Rumors of a French invasion had been circulating for some time, and several prominent citizens were calling for an independent council to run Buenos Aires while things got sorted out in Spain. On May 13, 1810, a British frigate arrived in Montevideo and confirmed the rumors: Spain had been overrun. May 18-24 Buenos Aires was in an uproar. Spanish Viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros de la Torre pleaded for calm, but on May 18, a group of citizens came to him demanding a town council. Cisneros tried to stall, but the city leaders would not be denied. On May 20, Cisneros met with the leaders of the Spanish military forces garrisoned in Buenos Aires: they said they would not support him and encouraged him to go ahead with the town meeting. The meeting was first held on May 22 and by May 24, a provisional ruling junta which included Cisneros, Creole leader Juan Josà © Castelli, and commander Cornelio Saavedra was created. May 25 The citizens of Buenos Aires did not want former Viceroy Cisneros to continue in any capacity in the new government, so the original junta had to be disbanded. Another junta was created, with Saavedra as president, Dr. Mariano Moreno, and Dr. Juan Josà © Paso as secretaries, and committee members Dr. Manuel Alberti, Miguel de Azcuà ©naga, Dr. Manuel Belgrano, Dr. Juan Josà © Castelli, Domingo Matheu, and Juan Larrea, most of whom were creoles and patriots. The junta declared itself rulers of Buenos Aires until such time as Spain was restored. The junta would last until December 1810, when it was replaced by another one. Legacy May 25 is the date celebrated in Argentina as the Dà ­a de la Revolucià ³n de Mayo, or May Revolution Day. Buenos Aires famous Plaza de Mayo, today known for protests by family members of those who disappeared during Argentinas military regime (1976-1983), is named for this turbulent week in 1810. Although it was intended as a show of loyalty to the Spanish crown, the May Revolution actually started the process of independence for Argentina. In 1814 Ferdinand VII was restored, but by then Argentina had seen enough of Spanish rule. Paraguay had already declared itself independent in 1811. On July 9, 1816, Argentina formally declared independence from Spain, and under the military leadership of Josà © de San Martà ­n was able to defeat Spains attempts to retake it. Source: Shumway, Nicolas. Berkeley: The University of California Press, 1991.

Sports Play An Important Role Of Society Essay - 1819 Words

Sports play an important role in society. For social bondage the importance of sports is much more than other events. Actually sports is something we do rather than theory. Sports is a channel through many of the major concerns which revive out politics – inequality, wealth, capital, class, relationship between global north and south and gender and others events –can be critically perused in an innovative method across of variety of setting. Political economy of sports means in a cultural terms. Sports cannot be separated from its cultural terms. The importance of sports is more than business and expands far beyond the political realm in which it is governed. In this paper shall be emphasized on meaning of sports, elimination of racism, sports and globalization, sports and nationalism, economic development and conflict resolution. 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Two Diverse Meanings in the Play, The Crucible - 1150 Words

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Longitudinal Digital Marketing Strategies †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Are The Necessary Opportunities Of Making Internet Marketing For Brand Promotion? What Are The Challenges Of Internet Marketing For Promoting A Specific Brand? What Should Be The Recommendations For Overcoming Challenges Of Internet Marketing? Answers: Introduction: After the emergence of internet marketing the business experts got ample opportunities in endorsing their products and services in different geographical boundaries due to its wide range of network. Advertisement with the help of traditional media is not sufficient enough in drawing the attention of international customers. In the realm of globalization, business organizations aim to expand their entire process of business in multinational countries. Internet marketing is the most effective tools for introducing the brand in various geographical corners. On the other hand, traditional media vehicles are not sufficient enough in gaining the brand image and reputation internationally. This specific study has focused to make an in-depth evaluation on the overall impact of internet marketing for rendering business image and reputation. At the same time, marketing managers have to face innumerable challenges while conducting internet marketing. Project Objective: The primary objectives of this specific project are as follows: To evaluate the necessary opportunities of making internet marketing for brand promotion To critically understand the challenges of internet marketing for promoting a specific brand To provide major recommendations on how to overcome challenges of internet marketing Project Scope: In last five years the emergence of technological advancement has rendered a drastic change on the business progress. At the very initial stage, business performers intended to depend on traditional media for maintaining their promotional activities. With the rapid progress of globalization, the marketing executives have decided to change business promotional strategies and policies for drawing the attention of international customers. Internet marketing is one of the most significant ways of placing the brand on different geographical areas (Armstrong et al. 2015). However, this specific study has focused to evaluate the necessary opportunities that internet marketing is having for introducing the brand in different geographical areas. With the help of internet marketing the service providers can communicate with the people of different geographical boundaries directly by sitting at their workplace. At the same time, internet marketing can drag the attention of customers from different cultural backgrounds and attitudes. Therefore, the number of target customers can be increased automatically. On the other hand, internet marketing is possessed with some of the major challenges as well. In order to promote the brand by using technological advancement the business experts as well as the employees should have technological skills and competency. Due to the sudden technological barrier the entire business process fails to maintain its systematic rhythmic flow (Erdo?mu? and Cicek 2012). However, this specific study has focused to make an in-depth overview about the importance of internet marketing for expanding the entire process of business for making effective promotional activities. Summarizing literature review: Taken Smith (2012) stated that the importance of internet marketing in rendering brand recognition is the primary concern of this specific study. With the help of an effective internet marketing strategies and policies brands can be introduced in different multinational countries. In the literature review, various types of marketing strategies have been discussed among which the importance of social media marketing is most prominent. On the other hand, the study has focused to critically evaluate the necessary opportunities of online advertisements. As opined by Bruhn, Schoenmueller and Schfer (2012), the brands can get the scope to draw the attention Worldwide after promoting with the help of online advertisement. Justification of research problem: It has been observed the employees of business organizations are not competent enough in handling advanced technology. Therefore, the business experts have to face difficulties in promoting business with the help of internet marketing. Therefore, the study has focused to evaluate both the positive as well as the negative impact of online media advertisement. Literature gap and opportunity: In this specific literature review the primary focus has been provided on the various types of online marketing. The researcher had the opportunity to evaluate critically about necessary opportunity and challenges of internet marketing. Therefore, the study could have focused on analyzing the various impacts of online advertising in enhancing brand promotion rather than discussing on the different types of internet marketing. In order to collect appropriate data and information the research would use data analysis method for conducting the entire research work successfully. In this very specific study, both qualitative as well as quantitative data collection technique would be used for conducting the entire research work successfully. Qualitative research: In order to collect necessary response regarding the impact of internet marketing the study would focus to involve international customers for collecting their response. Total 5 managers from different organizations would be involved for collecting data whether they get necessary facility after internet marketing or not (Hutter et al. 2013). With the help of non-probability sampling technique the study has focused to concentrate on those professionals who like to conduct their promotional activities on social media pages. Data collection technique: An effective interview session would be conducted by involving the managers of those specific organizations. With the help of an effective interview session the managers would like to express their opinion on how the internet marketing has rendered enough recognition of a brand beyond going the regional market (Laroche, Habibi and Richard 2013). The data analysts would get the scope of acquiring immediate information from the participants. As a result, researcher can accomplish the entire research work systematically. Reliability and validity: Reliability of data implies that the researcher would like to gather necessary responses from those participants who are directly aware and involved within the research issue. As a result, the data that would be collected would have proper relevance (Galbraith?Emami and Lobstein 2013). On the other hand, the responses collected from the interviewees have proper validity. The information are not backdated or previously recorded. Quantitative data analysis: In order to make an in-depth evaluation of data the research focuses to use positivism research philosophy with the help of deductive research approach by involving descriptive form of research design. Positivism research philosophy enables the researcher to make an in-depth observation on the research issue (Zarantonello and Schmitt 2013). Deductive approach helps to analyze data based on existing theories. However, descriptive research design is the systematic approach of explaining the entire research issue from different point of view without making self interpretation. Research instrument: Survey questionnaires are used as one of the most significant research instruments based on which the responses from the participants have been collected (Schultz and Peltier 2013). At the same time, survey questionnaires helps to collect an immediate response from the participants which is very much beneficial for the researchers for accomplishing the research work. Data analysis process: With the help of a graphical representation along with evaluating mean, median, mode appropriate data and information would be collected from the participants. In addition, the researcher would like to make survey questionnaires based on which the participants will respond regarding the research issue. Sampling size: Sampling size enables in gathering data from a large number of population by involving specific group of people. Sampling size is constituted with two major types including probability sampling size and non-probability sampling size (Lu, Chang and Chang 2014). In this very specific study, non-probability sampling size has been selected by involving 50 customers who are highly influenced on social media promotion. Interview and question design: Question 1: Do you believe internet marketing is having major positive impact in promoting the brand on the overall international market? Gnatt Chart: Serial No. Activities Start Date End Date Duration 1. Selection of topic 06/10/2017 08/08/2017 3 2. Formulation of aim and objectives 09/10/2017 10/08/2017 2 3. Literature review 11108/2017 20/08/2017 10 4. Research methodology 21/10/2017 24/08/2017 4 5. Data collection 25/10/2017 1/08/2017 8 6. Data analysis 02/11/2017 07/09/2017 7 7. Conclusion 08/11/2017 10/09/2017 3 8. Final submission 11/11/2017 ------- 1 Gnatt Chart (Source: Created by the author) Research Limitation: Every research is possessed with major limitations while dealing with the issue. In this specific study, the researcher has taken small of sampling size for analyzing necessary data and information. In order to evaluate the research issue properly the researcher could have focused on dealing with large number of population. On the other hand, this specific study decides to select positivism research philosophy. Positivism research philosophy is highly dependent on keen observation. However, only an acute observation is not sufficient enough for evaluating data and information. Therefore, the study could have focused on selecting post positivism philosophical approaches with the help of which research issue can be observed along with proper evidence. Conclusion: With the dynamic progress of business process the needs and demands of the customers are changing gradually. The business experts intend to expand their entire business wings beyond going the regional market. Internet marketing is one of the most effective ways of drawing the attention of customers from different geographical boundaries and attitudes. This specific research issue has provided an in-depth overview on how business organizations get opportunities in gaining organizational image and reputation with the help of internet marketing. Some of the most effective challenges faced by the marketing managers have also been evaluated in this specific study. In order to find out the research issue this specific study has focused to make both qualitative research collection procedure as well as quantitative. Necessary responses from the participants would be collected in order to know the opportunities and challenges of internet marketing. Reference List: Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Bruhn, M., Schoenmueller, V. and Schfer, D.B., 2012. Are social media replacing traditional media in terms of brand equity creation?.Management Research Review,35(9), pp.770-790. Erdo?mu?, ?.E. and Cicek, M., 2012. The impact of social media marketing on brand loyalty.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,58, pp.1353-1360. Galbraith?Emami, S. and Lobstein, T., 2013. The impact of initiatives to limit the advertising of food and beverage products to children: a systematic review.Obesity Reviews,14(12), pp.960-974. Hutter, K., Hautz, J., Dennhardt, S. and Fller, J., 2013. The impact of user interactions in social media on brand awareness and purchase intention: the case of MINI on Facebook.Journal of Product Brand Management,22(5/6), pp.342-351. Laroche, M., Habibi, M.R. and Richard, M.O., 2013. To be or not to be in social media: How brand loyalty is affected by social media?.International Journal of Information Management,33(1), pp.76-82. Lu, L.C., Chang, W.P. and Chang, H.H., 2014. Consumer attitudes toward bloggers sponsored recommendations and purchase intention: The effect of sponsorship type, product type, and brand awareness.Computers in Human Behavior,34, pp.258-266. Schultz, D.E. and Peltier, J., 2013. Social media's slippery slope: challenges, opportunities and future research directions.Journal of research in interactive marketing,7(2), pp.86-99. Taken Smith, K., 2012. Longitudinal study of digital marketing strategies targeting Millennials.Journal of Consumer Marketing,29(2), pp.86-92. Zarantonello, L. and Schmitt, B.H., 2013. The impact of event marketing on brand equity: The mediating roles of brand experience and brand attitude.International Journal of Advertising,32(2), pp.255-280.